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shellscript

Parameter

variable	Set and Not Null	Set But Null	Unset
${parameter:-word}	substitute parameter	substitute word	substitute word
${parameter-word}	substitute parameter	substitute null	substitute word
${parameter:=word}	substitute parameter	assign word	assign word
${parameter=word}	substitute parameter	substitute null	assign word
${parameter:?word}	substitute parameter	error, exit	error, exit
${parameter?word}	substitute parameter	substitute null	error, exit
${parameter:+word}	substitute word	substitute null	substitute null